VESTIBULAR DISORDERS

HISTORY

EXAMINATION OF THE DIZZY PATIENT

General Examination

Mental Status Examination

Cranial Nerve Examination

Ocular Motor Examination

Motor System Examination

Sensory System Examination

Cerebellar System Examination

Directed Neuro-Otologic Examination

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF VERTIGO AND DIZZINESS

PERIPHERAL CAUSES

BPPV (Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo)

Mechanism of BPPV

Post-Traumatic Vertigo

Drug Toxicity

Meniere's Syndrome

Other Peripheral Vestibular Conditions

CENTRAL NEUROLOGIC CAUSES

Brainstem Ischemia and Infarction

Multiple Sclerosis

Cerebello-Pontine Angle Tumors

Cranial Neuropathy

Posterior Fossa Lesions

Seizure Disorders

SYSTEMIC OR MEDICAL CAUSES

Drugs

Hypotension

Endocrine Disorders

MULTIPLE SENSORY ABNORMALITIES

DIZZINESS IN CHILDHOOD

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF DIZZINESS (TESTS)

Electronystagmography (ENG)

Rotational Testing

Posturography

Additional Tests

Neuroradiologic Investigation

THERAPY FOR PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS

Medical Therapy for Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

Exercise Therapy for BPPV

Surgical Therapy for Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

THERAPY FOR SYSTEMIC AND CENTRAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS

Surgical Therapy for Central Vestibular Disorders

AUDITORY DISORDERS

TYPES OF HEARING LOSS

Conductive Hearing Loss

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Mixed Hearing Loss

Sensory versus Neural Lesions

Central Hearing Loss

TINNITUS

Classification of Tinnitus

Subjective Tinnitus

Objective Tinnitus

EXAMINATION OF HEARING

Basic Office Examination of Hearing

Weber Test

Rinne Test

Tests of Auditory Function

Speech Reception Threshold (SRT)

Speech Discrimination

Immitance Test Battery

Tympanometry

Static Compliance

Acoustic reflex threshold

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials

Electrocochleography

THERAPY FOR AUDITORY DISORDERS

Amplification

Management of Tinnitus

Masking

Biofeedback

Counseling