INTRODUCTION VESTIBULAR DISORDERS HISTORY EXAMINATION OF THE DIZZY PATIENT General Examination Mental Status Examination Cranial Nerve Examination Ocular Motor Examination Motor System Examination Sensory System Examination Cerebellar System Examination Directed Neuro-Otologic Examination DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF VERTIGO AND DIZZINESS PERIPHERAL CAUSES BPPV (Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo) Mechanism of BPPV Post-Traumatic Vertigo Drug Toxicity Meniere's Syndrome Other Peripheral Vestibular Conditions CENTRAL NEUROLOGIC CAUSES Brainstem Ischemia and Infarction Multiple Sclerosis Cerebello-Pontine Angle Tumors Cranial Neuropathy Posterior Fossa Lesions Seizure Disorders SYSTEMIC OR MEDICAL CAUSES Drugs Hypotension Endocrine Disorders MULTIPLE SENSORY ABNORMALITIES DIZZINESS IN CHILDHOOD LABORATORY EVALUATION OF DIZZINESS (TESTS) Electronystagmography (ENG) Rotational Testing Posturography Additional Tests Neuroradiologic Investigation THERAPY FOR PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS Medical Therapy for Peripheral Vestibular Disorders Exercise Therapy for BPPV Surgical Therapy for Peripheral Vestibular Disorders THERAPY FOR SYSTEMIC AND CENTRAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS Surgical Therapy for Central Vestibular Disorders AUDITORY DISORDERS TYPES OF HEARING LOSS Conductive Hearing Loss Sensorineural Hearing Loss Mixed Hearing Loss Sensory versus Neural Lesions Central Hearing Loss TINNITUS Classification of Tinnitus Subjective Tinnitus Objective Tinnitus EXAMINATION OF HEARING Basic Office Examination of Hearing Weber Test Rinne Test Tests of Auditory Function Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) Speech Discrimination Immitance Test Battery Tympanometry Static Compliance Acoustic reflex threshold Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Electrocochleography THERAPY FOR AUDITORY DISORDERS Amplification Management of Tinnitus Masking Biofeedback Counseling BIBLIOGRAPHY