This section contains a version of a recently published chapter meant primarily for physicians although I've given portions to many of my patients. Citations come at the end. All portions of the Chapter are copyrighted © by the Publisher and should not be copied or distributed without permission of the authors and Williams and Wilkins, Publishers.

About this Manuscript
Navigating the Chapter

My Paper on Exercise Therapy for Positional Vertigo ( 153 k .pdf file)
My Lecture on Vertigo

My Lecture on Bad Vertigo
Chapter Outline below:
INTRODUCTION
VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
HISTORY
EXAMINATION OF THE DIZZY PATIENT
     General Examination
     Mental Status Examination
     Cranial Nerve Examination
     Ocular Motor Examination
     Motor System Examination
     Sensory System Examination
     Cerebellar System Examination
     Directed Neuro-Otologic Examination
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF VERTIGO AND DIZZINESS
PERIPHERAL CAUSES
     BPPV (Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo)
     Mechanism of BPPV
     Post-Traumatic Vertigo
     Drug Toxicity
     Meniere's Syndrome
     Other Peripheral Vestibular Conditions
CENTRAL NEUROLOGIC CAUSES
     Brainstem Ischemia and Infarction
     Multiple Sclerosis
     Cerebello-Pontine Angle Tumors
     Cranial Neuropathy
     Posterior Fossa Lesions
     Seizure Disorders
SYSTEMIC OR MEDICAL CAUSES
     Drugs
     Hypotension
     Endocrine Disorders
MULTIPLE SENSORY ABNORMALITIES
DIZZINESS IN CHILDHOOD
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF DIZZINESS (TESTS)
     Electronystagmography (ENG)
     Rotational Testing
     Posturography
     Additional Tests
     Neuroradiologic Investigation
THERAPY FOR PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
     Medical Therapy for Peripheral Vestibular Disorders
     Exercise Therapy for BPPV
     Surgical Therapy for Peripheral Vestibular Disorders
THERAPY FOR SYSTEMIC AND CENTRAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
     Surgical Therapy for Central Vestibular Disorders
AUDITORY DISORDERS
TYPES OF HEARING LOSS
     Conductive Hearing Loss
     Sensorineural Hearing Loss
     Mixed Hearing Loss
     Sensory versus Neural Lesions
     Central Hearing Loss
TINNITUS
     Classification of Tinnitus
     Subjective Tinnitus
     Objective Tinnitus
EXAMINATION OF HEARING
     Basic Office Examination of Hearing
     Weber Test
     Rinne Test
     Tests of Auditory Function
      Speech Reception Threshold (SRT)
     Speech Discrimination
     Immitance Test Battery
     Tympanometry
     Static Compliance
     Acoustic reflex threshold
     Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
     Electrocochleography
THERAPY FOR AUDITORY DISORDERS
     Amplification
     Management of Tinnitus
     Masking
     Biofeedback Counseling
BIBLIOGRAPHY